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Cranston Fine Arts Landscape Art and Artists Countries England Rivers Thames |
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| Text for the above items : |
Westminster and the Houses of Parliament from the River by the Reverend Sir Hubert J Medlycott. (GL) No text for this item |
The London Eye from Hungerford Bridge by Graeme Lothian. (GS) No text for this item |
Thames and St Pauls from the South Bank by Graeme Lothian. (GS) No text for this item |
Royal Yacht Britannia by Robert Taylor. The Royal Yacht Britannia is show in the Thames at her traditional mooring off Castle Point against the dramatic backdrop of Tower Bridge and the Tower of London. |
Hurricanes over the Houses of Parliament by John Young. (AP) Hurricanes of No.1 Sqn fly over the famous London landmark. |
The First Battle of Britain by Stan Stokes. By the Spring of 1917 the Western Front had been stalemated for more than two years with the armies of Germany and the Allies deadlocked in static trench warfare. At sea, the fleets of both Germany and Great Britain were also at a strategic impasse following the inconclusive Battle of Jutland in 1916. The unrestricted U-Boat campaign in the Atlantic had resulted in Americas entry into the War, and Germany turned to its fledgling air force to help break the deadlock. Night raids by Zeppelins in 1915 and 1916 had proven ineffectual as the great airships had proven vulnerable to the unpredictable weather and to increasingly effective defenses. A new strategic weapon would therefore be utilized - the heavy bomber. With a fleet of such airoplanes, the very heart of London could be attacked. In March of 1917 a new unit was formed in Flanders, soon to be known as the England Geschwader. Lead by Hauptman Ernst Brandenburg, Kaghol 3 (the units official designation,) was equipped with the Gotha G. IV. With a crew of three, and a wingspan of nearly seventy-eight feet, the G. IV was an impressive flying machine. Powered by twin 260-HP Mercedes six cylinder, in-line, water-cooled engines, the Gotha had a top speed of 88-MPH. Its service ceiling was more than 21,000 feet, and its range was 305 miles. The maximum bomb load was 1,100 pounds, but on the first daylight raid on London, each aircraft would carry six 110-lb bombs. For defensive purposes the Gothas were armed with two 7.92mm machine guns. An interesting feature of the G. IV was the ability of the rear gunner to fire not only rearwards and upwards, but could also fire downwards through a specially designed tunnel in the fuselage. On June 13, 1917 Brandenburg led his unit in his red-tailed Gotha on the first daylight bombing raid to London. Twenty G. Ivs departed on this historic mission, but two soon turned back, and another four bombed other targets due to mechanical problems. A total of 128 bombs were dropped on the mission with devastating effects. All told, 162 people were killed in the raid, and another 432 were injured. It was a portent of the future of aerial warfare. Although 94 defensive sorties were flown against the raiders, only a few British fighters made contact with the Gothas before they reached their targets. One fighter which did intercept was a Bristol F2B piloted by Capt. C. W. E. Cole-Hamilton of No. 35 Training Sqaudron. The observer, Capt. C. H. Keevil was killed during the battle. After the safe return of all the Gothas, Brandenburg was personally decorated with the Pour le Merite. Unfortunately, he was seriously injured in a flying accident only six days later. By then the first battle of Britain was well underway. |
Spitfires Over London by John Young. No text for this item |
Battle of Britain by Stan Stokes. The Battle of Britain in 1940 was the biggest air battle ever fought in the history of armed conflict. After the fall of France Hitler hoped to sign a peace treaty with Britain allowing the Germans to dominate Europe, and ultimately attack Russia in the East. Being rebuffed by the British, Hitler and his senior military advisors formulated Operation Sea Lion. This was to involve an invasion of Britain after the Luftwaffe had attained total domination over the RAF. As plans evolved for knocking out the RAF, the Germans began assembling a large number of airfields in Holland, France, and Belgium to be used for the attack. In their arsenal the Germans had more than 800 medium range bombers including the Heinkel He-111, the Junker Ju-88, and the Dornier Do-17. They also had more than 200 Ju-87 Stuka dive bombers, and more than 900 Bf-109 and Bf-110 fighters to escort their attacking forces. The British had far less than 1000 defensive aircraft at their disposal with Hawker Hurricanes outnumbering Supermarine Spitfires about 2-to-1. Despite the Germans numerical superiority the British had at least five advantages in this epic Battle. First, radar allowed the Brits to determine where to target its fighter defenses. Second, when British aircraft were downed many of the pilots were recovered and returned to flight duty. When German aircraft were downed the pilots became British POWs. Third, the BF-109, Germanys best fighter, had limited range, and generally could spend only about twenty minutes over British soil before having to return to Europe. Fourth, the British dispersed their defensive forces widely into many small groups, eliminating the ability of the Luftwaffe to deliver a knockout punch on the ground. Fifth, the RAF pilots were surprisingly well trained, and while few in number were supplemented with volunteers from Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Poland, South Africa, and the United States. Also important was the tenacity of the RAF support staff that kept an amazing amount of the aircraft in the air. The man most responsible for the British victory was Air Marshal Sir Hugh Dowding, head of Fighter Command. In the first phase of the Battle the Luftwaffe focused its efforts on knocking out RAF airfields. The RAF lost 50 fighters in the first 10-days. This resulted in modified tactics permitting looser formation flying similar to that employed by the Germans. The Germans suffered too with the Bf-110 and Ju-87 proving particularly vulnerable. In August Hitler authorized a massive attack called Eagle Day that was designed to obliterate the RAF by attacking coastal radar stations. Again the German effort fell far short and later in August the Germans had one of their worst days losing 75 aircraft on Black Thursday. In late August the German tactics changed again with the focus now on destroying RAF fighters in the air. In a two-week period ending on September 6, the RAF lost 466 fighter aircraft, taking the Germans to their closest point of victory during the Battle. The turning point in the Battle is generally acknowledged to be September 7 when the Germans shifted focus to general attacks on London. This gave the RAF a breather, and on September 15 they took down 60 Luftwaffe aircraft. The losses on the 15th convinced the Germans that their strategy had failed and they slowly retrenched their attacks. September 15 is celebrated in Britain as Battle of Britain Day. |
Early Morning Arrival by Robert Watts. Robert Watts captures the romance of that golden era of passenger flight in his nostalgic painting of a L-1049 Constellation. Seen in American Airlines colors, a Connie descends over London in the soft early morning light after an overnight flight from New York. Without todays constraints of air traffic control, pilots had some latitude with the routes and altitudes they flew, and on this particular morning the pilot takes advantage of a beautiful sunrise to give his passengers a view of London and the winding river Thames, as he turns west for a landing into Londons Heathrow airport. |
Guardian of Freedom by Timothy OBrien. A lone Spitfire of 266 Squadron is shown above the sunlit haze of London and the Thames, during the Battle of Britian. 266 Squadron was reformed on 30th October 1939 at RAF Sutton Bridge as a fighter squadron. The squadron was one of the Rhodesian gift squadrons and was named 266 (Rhodesia) Squadron in honour of the gift. Originally it was equipped with the Fairey Battle light bomber, but soon after in January 1940 it received the Supermarine Spitfire and became a fighter squadron. It was in action over Dunkirk in early June and fought in the Battle of Britain. |
The Embankment from Somerset House by John OConnor. No text for this item |
Caronia - Edwardian Elegance by Gordon Bauwens. When completed in 1905, TSS Caronia, at nearly 20,000 gross tons, was the largest Cunarder to date. She was an important liner for Cunard in that she and her sister ship, Carmania, were built by John Brown on the Clyde to directly compare the performance of standard reciprocating steam engines with the revolutionary new steam turbine propulsion plant. Known as the Pretty Sisters throughout their long and successful careers, Caronia and Carmania were identical other than in their propulsion units and were effectively test beds for the machinery of the two express transatlantic liners Cunard were planning - the giant sister ships, Lusitania and Mauretania. As the turbine-driven Carmania proved over two knots faster than Caronia, turbine engines were chosen for the subsequent record-breaking Lusitania and Mauretania liners and became the standard method of propulsion used right up until QE2 was built for Cunard in 1969 then re-engined with diesel-electric engines in the 1980s. Edwardian and Victorian engineering excellence are beautifully represented by TSS Caronia and London's Tower Bridge in this bustling Thames River scene. |
The Houses of Parliament by John McVicar Anderson. (GL) No text for this item |
Henley Regatta 2003 by Graeme Lothian. No text for this item |
Spitfires - September 1940 by Barry Price. On a September evening in 1940, Spitfires of No.19 Sqn are seen flying south over the River Thames to engage the enemy. In the distance, barrage balloons are in position to help protect the docklands. |
Henley-on-Thames by Robin Davidson. No text for this item |
Westminster Bridge by Claude T Stanfield Moore. (GL) No text for this item |
The Thames Looking Towards St Pauls by Graeme Lothian. Seen from the Royal Festival Hall the Oxo Tower stands on the South Bank. On the north side can be seen St Pauls Cathedral, which was finished in 1710. Also Sion College and HMS President. Pleasure craft and working boats continuously make their way up and down the Thames which is tidal. In front of the Oxo Tower during the summer weekends , when the tide is out, hundreds of people gather to picnic or kick a ball around. |
The Regatta, Henley on Thames by Walter Field. No text for this item |
The View East from London Bridge by Graeme Lothian. Pleasure boats heading up river to Westminster after going out as far as Greenwich and the Thames flood barrier, a police launch makes its way eastwards to Tower Bridge. This was built in 1894 to allow ships further access up river. HMS Belfast is an 11,000 ton Navy cruiser which served throughout the Second World War and opened as a museum in 1971. In the distance can be seen Canada Tower, part of the Canary Wharf development. On the south bank, London Bridge City comprises of the Hays Galleria complex, a 100 foot high glass roof covers the former Hays Wharf where the great tea clippers once moored. |
Greenwich Reach 1887 by Rodney Charman. No text for this item |
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