On the night of 16th/17th May 1943 Wing Commander Guy Gibson led a
small force of 19 Lancaster's of 617 Squadron on what was to become
one of the most daring and ingenious raids in history. Flying from
RAF Scampton their mission - code named Operation Chastise - was to breach
the mighty hydroelectric dams of the Ruhr, Mohne, Eder and Sorpe, a task
which Arthur Harris had earlier described as impossible.
Months of preparation had preceded the attack with the Squadron
practicing the use of their unique bouncing bombs - code named Upkeep -
the brain child of the brilliant Barnes Wallis. The actual targets
were only revealed to the crew's a short time before their departure
however this elite unit were under no illusions as to the dangers of their
mission. Flying at altitudes as low as fifty feet and observing
strict radio silence they would face heavy flak and ground fire crossing
Holland to Germany. On the run in to the target, using their height
finding spotlights they would have to fly in complete darkness at
precisely 60 feet before their lethal cargo could be released.
Gerald Coulson has used his undeniable skills to recreate the attack on
the Mohne Dam as Mick Martin's aircraft pulls away from the target. His
9,250lb bomb explodes behind him and although not actually breaching the
dam wall, sends a huge plume of water into the air leaving a fine mist
hanging in the atmosphere. Guy Gibson having already made his run
flies to Martin's right, lights on full drawing gun fire from the towers.
Below them the power station hit by John Hopgood's bomb on the previous
run is still engulfed in flames.
The Dambusters Raid was probably the most brilliant air attack of the
Second World War but the success was not without its cost. Of the 19
aircraft that took part in the mission eight failed to return, in fact
only 6 returned unscathed, with the loss of 53 aircrew. The
destruction of the Mohne and Eder Dams released over 150 million gallons
of water into the Ruhr valley and caused widespread flooding and severe
interruption to industry, communications and various utilities. One
of the most important consequences was that over 20,000 men had to be
redeployed by the enemy to repair the damage.
Following the raid no fewer than 33 aircrew received decorations for
gallantry, including Gibson's award of the Victoria Cross.